EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE IMERGING OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN GHANA(CAN Essay

Viable MANAGEMENT OF THE IMERGING OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN GHANA(CAN GHANA AVOID A RESOURSE CURSE) - Essay Example Regardless of whether Ghana’s current institutional system will be equipped for meeting the difficulties presented by oil abuse, and will have the option to utilize this chance to carry more prominent flourishing and strength to the nation, is a troublesome inquiry. In this paper, the reasons why other oil makers have neglected to make an accomplishment of this industry will be analyzed. Having made this investigation, suggestions will be given for how Ghana can channel its new mineral riches into solid monetary development and an improvement in expectations for everyday comforts the nation over. Substance 1. Presentation 1.1 West African Oil Production 1.2 Western Interests 1.3 Advantages of West African Oil 1.4 The ‘Resource Curse’ 1.5 Ghana 1.6 Oil Exploitation in Ghana 1.7 Drilling Begins 1.8 Chinese Interest 2. Writing Review 2.1 Ghana’s Success 2.2 Kosmos-Exxon Mobil Contract 2.3 Warnings of a Resource Curse 2.4 The Beginnings of Insurgency 2.5 Excess ive Borrowing 2.6 The Nigerian Experience 3. Strategy 3.1 Choice of Subject 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis 4. Proposals 4.1 Democracy 4.2 Transparency and Accountability 4.3 Investor Confidence 4.4 Role of Foreign Oil Companies and Governments 4.5 Revenue Management 4.6 A Diverse Economy 5. End Bibliography Figures Fig.1. Wellsprings of U.S. Oil Imports, 2007 Fig.2. Ghana’s seaward oil fields. Fig.3. ... line from landlocked Chad to seaside Cameroon, and new investigations for potential oil fields on the Atlantic coast were signs that the district was getting one of the West’s significant oil providers. There is a general accord that the demonstrated stores of West Africa are more prominent than those of either North American or Eastern Europe and Russia, and current significant providers are Nigeria, Angola, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon and Cameroon. Without a doubt, Nigeria is the world’s 6th biggest supplier of oil, and Angola will presumably demonstrate to have more oil than Kuwait. Because of expanded Western interest for oil, it is normal that Nigeria and Angola, the region’s two greatest makers, will twofold or even triple their yield over the span of the following decade. 1.2 Western Interests During the Cold War, the United States in especially was vigorously occupied with Africa in a vital and military limit, as a feature of its battle against worldwide s ocialism. Its organizations were resolved that the Soviet Union would have the option to discover broad partners in the district. Financial help was offered through the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the two of which are intensely affected by the United States government. US commitment additionally the type of military intercession, in locales where Communist revolts compromised industrialist governments, whether or not or not the last were setting a case of good administration. In Angola, for instance, the United States propelled secret and clear CIA and uncommon powers tasks, in agreement with a few unique gatherings, and was worried over all that Communist powers in the nation ought not oversee the oil saves. This frequently included supporting unrepresentative governments in Luanda or the

Learning from the Homeless Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

It started in the County Mall food court. Resting at one of the tables after my lunch, I coolly looked around the spot. The food court wasn't packed, and thus I experienced no difficulty spotting him: a tall, dim, silver haired man. He got my look, and began strolling towards me. As I took in his thin edge, his worn out red shirt, and the gaps in his incredible sweats, it occurred to me that before me stood a vagrant. Arriving at my table, he inquired as to whether he could plunk down with me however I declined. I wasn't in the mind-set to converse with him, thus murmuring a sorry excuse and a conciliatory sentiment that was most likely a couple of octaves underneath any understandable level, and not especially caring whether the man heard me or not, I got up and left. The man got out after me, guaranteeing me that he didn't need cash, yet rather just somebody to converse with. I was shaken by his diligence, and imagining I didn't hear him I immediately left, my heart beating in my c hest. Â Soon thereafter the episode chewed at the forefront of my thoughts; that I icily turned down a man who basically needed somebody to converse with was strange and horrified me. As I lay alert that night, tuning in to the downpour beat against my rooftop, my contemplations floated back to the man at the shopping center. Is it safe to say that he was outside in this downpour at the present time? Is it safe to say that he was chilly, wet, and hungry? Is it accurate to say that he was desolate? The idea of him feeling deserted in view of me weighed significantly more intensely on my still, small voice. In my first year of secondary school I endured a horrible experience that separated me from my companions for quite a while. I know about the hopelessness that emerges from dejection, and it made my blame even more intense. As I lay in bed, I felt baffled and irate with myself for acting so unfeelingly. Â I was anxious to ... ...change from the lethargic state I discovered him in and I was cheerful by the change. Â Since the shopping center episode my time with the destitute have augmented my eyes significantly. I found out about begging, canning courses, and day labors.â I found out about the downturn and depression that plagues a considerable lot of the destitute. At the point when I look upon the profuse delight they get from STATH's assistance, I get a thought with respect to how searing my dismissal may have been to the destitute at the shopping center. In the event that no one but I could live the day over - It's an idea I've engaged on numerous events. I dread that in my insensitivity I have driven the man into a profound despondency at the idea that nobody needs to invest their energy with him. Each time I embrace another destitute on one of STATH's journeys, I remember the episode at the shopping center. Just now, I take comfort in the way that I settle on the correct choice.

Annotated Bibliography Animal Testing - Free Essay Example

Annotated Bibliography: Animal Testing Animal testing is one of the most frowned upon scientific experiments around, but the whole world needs this testing to save the human race. There are causes and effects just like any other scientific experiments. The testing of animals helps the human race better understand the way animals react to the cures, and to help find cures for the diseases. There is a lot of discussions if these testings are the right thing to do. More so, if we didnt have it, it could be catastrophic. In detail, the human race needs to have the right information on how and why these studies are performed. So, its more understandable on why these testings are necessary. The media has caused humanity to have negative mindsets. On these experiments conducted to the animals by showing gruesome examples of the animals in the labs. There continues to be strict laws and regulations on the trials that these animals are undertaking. Therefore, the human race will find a more positive outlook on these science experiments. There have been many major cures found by testing on these animals. In this research there is proof this is positive for the world. There are high percentages of animal testing that are successful and for humanity, this is a huge milestone, and just another step closer to finding the right data that is needed to solve the puzzle of top diseases such as cancer and HIV. Animals testing not only helps society better understand diseases but also how we can withstand radiation. The products that we use such as cleaning supplies, and even the products we use in our showers to see how this can affect us. In conclusion, there are cons on these experiments on how the animals can be mistreated some of the studies are not necessary. Animal testing can be very expensive. There can be quite a few setbacks, like testing on animals for cosmetics. This is not exactly necessary for humanity needs to survive. Scientists need to find a way to find what is necessary and what is not. There needs to be a line drawn. Aziz, Tipu, and John Stein Animal testing: TV or not TV? Two views on whether scientists who believe that animal experimentation is necessary should become public advocates, or work quietly behind the scenes Nature. In this article, it thoroughly discusses the cause and effect on how people view animal testing and how they try to overcome it. More so, on how the media greatly impacts scientist and how the scientist should try their very best to avoid any media attention. The article discusses how hostile it can be to be in the eye of the media as a scientist. Scientist sometimes are not the best at communicating their reasoning for these testings and it comes out negative in the viewers eye, but they also found ways for positive attention on the reasoning behind these experiments that is medically needed for humanity. For these two scientist Tipu Aziz and John Stein in this article, they have many setbacks until they find one leading example that saved their animal research project. In light of being able to finally open the facility that is needed for their medical research. This peer-reviewed article also gives reasoning on what is wrong and what is right, and how dishonorable scientist can cause such a bad name. Furthermore, for the scientist that are actually trying to make a positive breakthrough, it becomes harder for them. Research has been done different alternatives have been searched. The best answer to finding the right vaccines and cures is through animal testing. There is a different alternative such as Tissue culture, but this only shows how the tissues react not how the body reacts. In this article, it proves why the world needs animal testing, and examples experimentation on some of the cures and vaccines. That has been found through animal testing this testing give humans a higher percentage to live longer as said in this article. There are many laws and regulations in place to protect these animals and the USDA actively makes sure these laws are being followed. In this research, they have found Mini Pigs can make a breakthrough in Drug and chemical safety. A domestic pigs anatomy is very similar as to a human. Such as our skin and digestive tract. In this research, they are wanting to reconsider the choice of animals as the mini pig the first choice. Scientist already has much knowledge about domestic pigs which make the mini perfect for experiments. Mini pigs also mature very quickly. Using the mini pig will better help understand animal models. In these new experiments with mini pigs, this will not only be positive for researchers on finding more drugs and chemical for humans this will also be helpful for animal producers. In summary, it provides proof of leading examples of what can happen when we dont use animal analysis. There can be many deaths and deformities when drugs are not first tested on animals. This article explains why it is very necessary to have these testing in place. Not only testing on animals this can also help us better understand diseases and drugs, but it also helps understand the way the human body works. Also, how centuries ago we first tested surgical procedures on animals before testing on humans. This article gives facts on how long these animal experimentations have been around and why we need them. In Space research, they need to study on animals to know how they react to radiation and gravity also how their bones and muscles react. In this research, the NASA program had to first study on animals before humans could go into space. With these experiments, we can better understand how the body reacts in space and if its safe to travel as humans. NASA still uses these experiments today so they can know how far they can travel safely. Without this research, it could be very dangerous for humans to know if it is possible to go into space, and what safety precaution that needs to be used. Animal testing helps the world know a lot of what we can and cannot do and helps the world figure out the answers. Lorna Collier a journalist questions David Jentech a scientist who mainly focuses on the cells and circuits in the brain. In this questioning, it explains what scientist that test on animals go through every single day. A lot of animal protestors threaten scientist to where the scientist must hire a bodyguard because the protestors can be so brutal. In this article it explains why we test on rodents, rodents have similar brain as to humans. This experimentation on these rodents help us better understand the brain and how to cure brain issues. Through this research they have saved many of humans lives that is why David hasnt gave up on this research he explains. Scientist want the protestors to better understand what they are doing to save the human race. Instead the protestors can hurt the scientist in many ways. There needs to be more laws in every state on how far these protestors can go.

The Diversity Of The African American Community - 914 Words

Individuals throughout history have always identified and associated themselves with community based a variety of attributes such as religious beliefs and ethnicity. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs further supports that being a part of a community is an intrinsic movement that motivates human behaviour, as people feel emotionally stable when they identify themselves as a part of a community. Thus, the building associated with communal identity is often dictated by the growth or decline of the community itself. By examining the evolution of community buildings in relation to the progression of the African American community in the United States of America, it is evident that the psychological human needs have influenced the progression of the buildings. Every community evolves from people alike, whether this is by race, religious beliefs or interests. The African-American community was an outcome of racial discrimination and bigotry in America. The enslavement of Africans in America began in 1619 and continued until President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring â€Å"that all persons held as slaves†¦ shall be free† in 1865 (Levine, 1996). Although former slaves received the rights of citizenship and the â€Å"equal protection of the Constitution in the 14th Amendment (1866), their freed status remained precarious and provisions of the Constitution were often ignored or violated. According to Levine and Urofsky, a great majority of the â€Å"whites† believed that â€Å"blacks†Show MoreRelatedBoeing Company Case Study1551 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, companies have faced many diversity problems. Boeing is a prime example of how a company faces diversity and how the company handles the situation. Boeing has been facing diversity challenges since the company opened their doors to the public and government contract work. The discrimination of African Americans and women drove Boeing to a couple lawsuits. 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Research Paper on Climate Change the Myth of Global Warming

Research Paper on Climate Change: The Myth of Global Warming DEDICATION This Research Paper is lovingly dedicated to our respective parents who have been our constant source of inspiration. They have given us the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support this project would not have been made possible. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following group and individuals to the development of this research paper: Our class peer research group for the cooperation and camaraderie. We are also heartily thankful to our teacher, Mr./Ms._____, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled us to†¦show more content†¦Over the next 40 million years, temperatures continued to fluctuate, allowing for the polar ice caps to expand and retreat. Since, the climate has stayed relatively stable with only a single ice age. When temperatures warmed, woolly mammoths that thrived during the ice age and other mega mammals could not survive, while humans where able to adapt (A Global Warning?, 2007). However, it would be naive to thinking climate change would miraculously come to a stop on behalf of human inhabitation. The above-mentioned changes had drastic effects on the earth. Recently there has been less drastic, however still noticeable, climate fluctuations. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM For several years believers and skeptics have argued about the causes of global warming. The problem is complicated because believers warn that man-made causes if left to advance too far may be irreversible. Reduction of the rainforests, continued growth in hydrocarbon industries, increases in livestock, and depletion of the ozone are all considered factors in the debate. Skeptics maintain that the climate change is a natural phenomenon, that man’s effect on nature is largely overrated. The fact is that for several years, the earth’s temperature is rising. The problem remains in deciding what if anything we can do about it. 3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS All research studies also have limitations and a finite scope. In our case,Show MoreRelatedResearch Paper on Climate Change: the Myth of Global Warming4031 Words   |  17 PagesResearch Paper on Climate Change: The Myth of Global Warming DEDICATION This Research Paper is lovingly dedicated to our respective parents who have been our constant source of inspiration. They have given us the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support this project would not have been made possible. 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If you even mention that term â€Å"global warming† in a group of people, even the person who you wouldn’t believe can even form a sentenceRead MoreReview of The Great Global Warming Swindle1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Global Warming Swindle has been the most widely watched documentary critical of the scientific consensus that climate change is due to anthropogenic activities. Aired in 2007 in the United Kingdom, the documentary claimed to debunk the â€Å"mythâ⠂¬  of manmade global climate change, exposing it as a vast conspiracy designed to gain funding for research and push an environmental agenda that is especially harmful to the developing world. Directed by British producer Martin Durkin, the documentary

Emotional intelligence Essay Example For Students

Emotional intelligence Essay DEVELOPMENT OF EI The development of Emotional intelligence Essay requires a recognition of ones own strengths and limitations, an exploration of how current decisions are framed through beliefs and prior experiences, and the actualisation of potential by using the greater self knowledge gained. However, in a report by the Institute of Management (2002) research showed that the quality of leadership in the workplace was poor. Further, the research reinforces a positive relationship between financial turnover and the priority given to leadership development (Institute of Management, 2002). Fifty-five percent of those questioned gave the characteristic of being inspiring as the most important attribute of leadership, but only eleven percent say they are witnessing it at work. Inspiration could be defined as the extent to which a leader stimulates enthusiasm amongst subordinates for the work of the group, and says things to build their confidence in their ability to successfully perform assignments and attain group objectives. In those organisations that do invest in bringing out the potential of their leaders it could be argued that a focus on working relationships could be considered most valuable. Again, it could be argued that self-and-other awareness is a prerequisite for developing these working relationships. In todays younger managers, knowledge and ambition are identified as traits that are not valued leadership qualities (Institute of Management, 2001). The research by the Institute of Management goes on to say that a majority of executives favoured a model of leadership in which the leaders main role is to create a sense of purpose and a central vision or set of goals, and then help bring out the potential of others around them to achieve such goals (Institute of Management 2001). In times of economic change where there is a run down of the old structure of commerce, new fields of commerce are sought, in part, by innovation. Innovation can be seen as the successful exploitation of new ideas (The Scottish Office, 1996). To help exploit new ideas we need inspiring leaders. Leaderships underlying constructs are inspiration and individualised consideration, entailing shifts in the beliefs, needs and values of the followers (Fiedler, 1996). The transforming leaders behaviours emanate from deeply held beliefs and values, such as justice and integrity (Fiedler, 1996). Fiedler (1996) argues that past research into leadership has been focused on traits and abilities, and that the most important lesson over the past forty years is that the leadership of groups and organisations is a highly complex interaction between the individual and the social and task environment. Therefore, it could be argued that Leadership research has overlooked Leadership being a social process. How well the leaders particular style, abilities, and background contribute to performance is largely contingent on the control and influence the leadership situation provides. As Feidler (1996) states, if leadership was easy to understand, we would have all the answers long before now. The leadership processes are highly complex. This principle still has to be translated into practice. Fiedler (1996) goes on to say ;we cannot make leaders more intelligent or more creative, but we can design situations that allow leaders to utilise their intellectual abilities, expertise and experience more effectively. In this highly competitive age, this is likely to be of considerable practical importance.; Nevertheless, as Goleman (2000) argues, effective leadership still eludes many people and organisations. Goleman (2000) states that leaders who get the best results dont rely on just one leadership style; they use any of six distinct leadership styles in any given week. These leadership styles each spring from different components of emotional intelligence. The attributes of self-and-other awareness, empathy and active listening skills will be used in this paper as a working definition of Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1995). But it should also be recognised that managers may also find it difficult to adjust styles in practice. For example, other awareness needs listening skills and empathy (Markova, 1987). From a psychological perspective these skills sound simple but in reality they are not. Gender Identity Disorder (GID) Essay Some sing to themselves; they try to play games or even fall asleep. When the researcher returns he gives them their hard earned marshmallow. And the, science waits for them to grow up. By the time the children reached high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey of the childrens parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds waited for the second marshmallow turned out to be better adjusted more popular, more dependable teenagers. The children who gave in to the temptation early on were .

The Influence Of The Classical Style On Modern Structures Essays

The Influence Of The Classical Style On Modern Structures The Influence of the Classical Style on Modern Structures It's safe to say that the past has had profound influence on the way we live today. Many aspects of life have evolved over time and have been fine tuned to fit our preferences. A few examples are art, fashion and architecture. Every once in a while people look to the past in order to decide what we want for the present. For example, some people like to wear retro clothes that were popular in the 50's and listen to Elvis Prestley records. This is also true with architecture. It's easy to see the similarities and distinctions between ancient Greek structures and modern structures. The classic architecture style of ancient Greece has a profound influence on architecture today. The great political revolutions of the late 1700's and early 1800's did not trigger a revolution in architecture; instead they inspired still another classical revival (Jacobs, 135). About 1820 the Western world became very interested in ancient Greek architecture. The Greek War of independence from Turkey was closely watched be Westerners which sparked their interest in Greek architecture. Greek Revival style was used for courthouses, city halls, and residences. From 1820 onward, most builders preferred the Greek orders of column styles. These were the Doric, the Ionic and the Corinthian styles (Hammett, 24). The Doric style was the simplest style of columns and is characterized by having a slightly tapered column that is relatively short. These columns have no base and sit directly on the stylobate, or foundation, and are channeled by twenty shallow flutes. The top of the column, or the volute, is plain and bold and generally there are three steps which lead up to the stylobate (Al vey). Ionic styles are much slimmer, taller and more elaborate. They are also characterized by volutes that are horn-like or resemble a rolled up scroll. They also have bases which are very elaborate. The Corinthian columns are similar to the ionic style but are even taller and have more elaborate volutes that best resemble an upside-down bell surrounded by leaves (Nuttgens, 92). The modern structure that best represents the style of ancient Greece is the Lincoln memorial in Washington D.C. Construction began on the memorial on February 12, 1915 and was dedicated on May 30, 1922. Henry Bacon, the architect who designed the Lincoln memorial, was an admirer of Greek architecture and purposefully tried to show his Greek influence in the memorial. In fact he used the Parthenon in Athens as a specific model (Alvey). The Parthenon is perhaps the most outstanding ancient Greek architectural achievement. Built by Ictinus and Callicrates and sculpted by Phidias, the Parthenon was dedicated to Athena, the virgin Athena. The Parthenon began construction in 447 b.c. and was completed 432 b.c. (Alvey). Looking at the attached photos, one can see the resemblance between the Lincoln memorial and the Parthenon. The most noticeable characteristics are the columns and the use of marble. The Doric style was utilized in both of these structures. The interior of the memorial is a lso similar to that of the Parthenon. Both are divided into chambers, with a statue of whom the temples are dedicated as the focal point (Alvey). Another modern structure that show ancient Greek influence is the treasury building in Washington D.C. The treasury building, built by Robert Mills and Thomas U. Walter, is made of white marble and displays 38 Greek ionic columns. Other structures that show Greek revival are the Old Illinois State Capitol, the Ohio State Capitol, the St. Louis Court House, the Andalusia in Philadelphia and the Second Bank of the United States which was the first of many Parthanon adaptations (Hammett). It is easy to find Greek influence all over the world. Just drive around to the banks, libraries or fraternity houses. Mansions are known for having columns in front which is exclusively characteristic of ancient Greek design. Greek architecture is so beautiful and unmistakable that it is no wonder so many people want their home or business to show its influence. Works Cited Jacobs, David. Architecture. New York: Newsweek Books, 1974. Hammett, Ralph. Architecture in the United States. New York: John Wiley and Sons,

Truffaut and the New Cinema

Truffaut and the New Cinema FranÂÆ'Â §ois Truffaut Rides In On The New WaveSince films inception in the late 19th century, film has gone through many changes. What started out as short exhibitionist films and scenics grew into the full feature films that today's population is accustomed to. This, however, was not a fluid progression. The classic hollywood style took an early dominant role in the history of film, with the majority of films following this classical style. They were appealing to the masses, and were very profitable. This style did not appeal to all filmmakers and directors. Since the creation of the cinema, and the classic full feature there have been many movements that have rebelled against the classic style of Hollywood and the commercial cinema. Such movements usually coincided with the intellectual, social, economical and artistic movement of the time. For example, after World War I the Avant-Garde movement begun. It was based off that generations feeling that after the devastation of the w ar nothing could be the same as before.Image taken from page 107 of 'The History and Trad...The movement was inclusive of the theatre, art, poetry and film. The Avant-Garde movement was heavily influenced by African art, and the movement was not contained to one nation, it was a large and expansive international movement. Another post-WWI movement in film was the Soviet Montage, a smaller movement mainly influenced by the economical and political strains in Soviet Russia.Unfortunately the world would soon bear the devastation of another world war. The travesty of the war was reflected in the eyes of the new generation of artists. The world around them was rapidly changing. The massive colonial empires were diminishing, though wars still raged in many of the previous colonies, especially on the African continent. Filmmakers at this time in France felt that the heavily commercialized and large, over the top...

AI Week 14 YUM DB 153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI Week 14 YUM DB 153 - Essay Example The Yum CEO’s pay drops to 10 million, which is a 22% decrease. This indicates how the overall revenue may be a determinant when calculating the total pay of executives. CEO is directly liable when a company underperform. Considering the model used to calculate the pay of the CEO, it is evident that a CEO is motivated to perform once a pay cut is registered on the overall salary package. Each company formulates its payment model based on the stock performance however Giorgi and Chemi (2014)indicates the model being a myth as many companies shows that there is no correlation between the company stock performance to the payment packages. They attribute only 1% of highly paid CEO to be based on stock performances. In conclusion, the compensation policies vary depending on the firm’s priority. The article shows how stock performance determines the compensation package of a CEO. The model works to ensure the company’s top chief works towards ensuring the overall performance of the company is stable and overcome external factors. Chemi, E., Giorgi, A. (2014, July 22). The Pay- for- Performance Myth. Business week. Retrieved

Totaltarian Regimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Totaltarian Regimes - Essay Example In addition, totalitarianism is considered as a system of rule guided by an ideology whose perspective is geared on achieving a certain favorable political, social, and economic end by guiding every aspect of society to that goal with the use, to some extent, of "propaganda and terror"(Pleuger, "Totalitarianism," par.2). The system is also described as "both a form of social control as well as a method of social control" facilitated by advancement of technology and mass communication (Keis, "The Age of Totalitarianism," par. 10). Within the context of those definitions mentioned above that our discussion of totalitarianism will be based. In discussing history of totalitarianism, we do not consider intensively the birth of the concept of totalitarianism but we look into regimes that fit into the character as described by scholars as it occurred in history. We look deeper into what are the motives of totalitarian leadership and its impact on the society. By definition, it can be inferred that like any other form of governments, the system, by the perspective of the rulers, is anchored on the goal of total development for the country. Whether the approach would benefit a select few at the expense of other sector the concept of total development would likewise benefit the entire society. Taking violence, war, and human rights abuse and violations out of context, we can see that development brought by totalitarianism is highly considerable as shown by Russia's might in the Cold War era, the totalitarian monarchies in the Arabian region, and China's rise to economic dominance in the present times. Most totalitarian regimes with autocratic leadership hold on to power by imposing an official ideology upon its people. The master plan is laid and facilitated by controlling all means of mass media and information systems. There is only one political party which in some case becomes an alter ego of the leader and the exercise of free well and freedom of speech is being suppressed. Critics are subject to intense surveillance and executions are frequent with the use of strong police and military backing. All these are utilized to achieve the goals of the leadership. Dirty as it can be described, however, in dealing with totalitarian regimes it is argued that totalitarianism is different from authoritarianism although most totalitarian regimes are governed by authoritarians and dictators, but which is not always the case. Monarchy can be considered totalitarian but the role of a king is not as intimidating as a dictator. Of course, this point had its share of arguments in the past and is also a point of controversy in political science today. But looking at the present times we can see that monarchies rule in the principle of totalitarianism yet democratic processes are being recognized like the case of Britain, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and the other present day monarchies. This argument is the reason why the term totalitarian democracy emerged. Therefore we consider the brutal totalitarian regimes as a manifestation of extremism within the totalitarian concept. History of Totalitarianism Within

Understanding advertising media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding advertising media - Essay Example Capturing the true essence of advertising is an exigent task for there are varying factors that greatly affect its definition. One of these factors that cause modification in the meaning of the term is the media used. At present times advertising encompasses different avenues of communication.These include the printed media such as magazine, books and newspapers; visual media such as the television; the electronic media such the internet and other diverse form of tools that can attract the attention of the target market to a certain product (Richards & Curran, 2002).In the developing world of advertising and the business market, the printed media remains to be the primary avenue used. In the United kingdoms, the newspapers and magazines are established form of media utilized for advertising. The Guardian is one of the newspapers in the UK that receives a comparatively significant readers' share as compared to other newspapers and magazines.The Guardian is one of the leading newspaper s in the United Kingdom. There are factors that affect the competitiveness of this newspaper. The Guardian is known for covering news in a wide range of fields that is presented in a visually stimulating design that attracts the readers. This is due to the fact that the newspaper is being printed in colour which is unique for broadsheets. Another feature of the newspaper that serves purpose is the size of The Guardian and its printing process; the speed of production decreases with the size of the paper, thus, this size lessens the time needed for production of the Guardian (Hollis, 2005). Aside from the lay-out of the newspaper, the primary aim of this printed media is to impart issues that are pioneering and at the same time is of significant value to the target readers. Reaching and attracting a diverse population of readers is also important for any newspapers and media, thus, the Guardian made use of the advantages of the internet to be able to target the readers online (Rusbri dger, 2006). In the study of any form of media, attributes such as the target market, the circulation and coverage are considered. In the case of the written media, the editorial style is one factor that is deemed important. This factor mainly deals on the style of writing of a particular published work such as the newspaper. The primary consideration is the organization of the presented information in a newspaper. Every data imparted must be unambiguously constructed in prose or paragraphs and in a language that is considered formal yet not expressed in jargons that some groups of readers would not be able to understand. The literary presentation includes the construction of every story, the priority given to each story and the presentation of every titles and subtitles. May it be in the printed version or as seen in the web, the interface and the layout are important. Being a paper presented in full colour can be used to its advantage (Lynch & Horton, 2004). The aesthetics of the paper present ation can be used as a tool to attract readers whose readership and attention largely depends on being captured visually. The Guardian has 14.5 percent readers share compared to the other newspaper that is distributed daily. There is an increase which can only show that there is an improvement in the number of readers targeted by the newspaper. This is made possible although according to data presented The Guardian has the least volume sales. Thus, this can only mean that compared to the sales made in groups more individual readers purchase the Guardians (The Guardian, 2006a). In terms of readership on the other hand, a research that is periodically conducted by the National Readership Survey (NRS) revealed the following results. The result for the 2005 NRS is presented in Table 1. Based on the analysis conducted by The Guardian, an increase of 11.6% was observed in the survey results from NRS for the period of 12 months or one year.

Synesthesia and the Implications of Sensory Fusion :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Synesthesia and the Implications of Sensory Fusion Synesthesia is defined as the sensation produced at a point other than or remote from the point of stimulation, as of a color from hearing a certain sound.[1] (From the Greek, syn=together+aesthesis=to perceive). In common language synesthesia is an involuntary blending of the senses by some people, which allows them to see colors when looking at numbers, for instance. This is a topic that was introduced over a century ago, but has not been taken serious until recently with the development of tests capable of testing whether or not the condition was real. Previously, scientists thought that this was a figment of the imagination, drug abuse, or in its most concrete form one of memory. As if seeing a number paired with a color, say in early childhood was the reason that a person paired them later on in life. There was also the theory that these people were very creative and when they said that they could taste a shape, it was only an unconventional metaphor. However, thanks to in depth pursuit of this topic by scientists, especially Ramachandran and Hubbard the validity of such statements has been proven. One test they developed to test the ability of people to pair colors with the site of ordinary numbers involved printing up sheets with similar numbers, like 2 and 5. Many people claimed to see a certain color when presented with the number 2 and a different color when shown 5. The 2's and 5's were arranged in such a way that one number formed a distinct shape in the midst of the jumble of the other number. A non-synesthetic would be incapable of distinguishing any pattern due to the close resemblance of the numbers. But, in 90% of the cases where people claimed to see colors they were easily able to discern the shape because it registered stood out for them as a completely different color. One wonders what takes place in the brain to cause such phenomenal differences in perception. The cause is unknown for certain, like many things in the realm of science it has not been researched nearly enough, but there are some indications. The merging of certain senses points to a crossing of signals in the brain. Although the theory is an old one, it has come to the forefront of the scientific researcher's minds, with increased focus on the topic.

Chicano Art Essay

Chicano art started in Mexican American communities within sustain of the civil rights society, suitable a national art progress with global span which includes CARA exhibition, Los fours and the other exhibitions. The appearance, institutional carry out the ritual though innovation, mythic construct; political and civilizing engagement. During the 1960’s there was a lot going on the world, not only did Chicano had to stand up for them. They wanted to find ways to express Chicanos, in searching of ways one popular movement came which is the art. First of all, phantom sighting after the Chicano movement was developed in the early 2000’s this exhibit wanted to still reveal about the Chicano society. The meaning of their exhibit was broken down into three reasons. According to the book, number one- Chicano art produces to be seen, does not exist in the art world. Number two- self identified Chicanos who refuse the category. Number three- homonym’s for sighting sitting, citing â€Å"actions that turn the apparitional into something real†. I agree with those terms, however this exhibit was made and feels modernize. In which the book, states that it is a visual of everyday life; therefore we have to understand that each of the artists will view the world differently. Further than a century of discrimination adjacent to one of the biggest alternative residing in the United States with the purpose of continues now. Hispanics are targets of unfairness and are not proffer equivalent opportunities in jobs and learning. The prejudice dates back toward the finish of the Mexican War while thousands of Mexicans became American citizens overnight. .according to history, this happened, because of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. That helped them to settle in America. Unfortunately they had a rough time in America, and later than in the three generation of individual born in America Chicanos resolute to uprising. Secondly, another exhibition called Chicano vision American painter on verge, this exhibit consist majority of paintings. â€Å"They were Chicano looked and at the world though Chicano eyes† , during a reading came across this appealing quote. Hence it correlates with the book of this title. The book has come up with so many flaws and positive aspects. One issue was struggled to gain acceptance in the gallery world, as stated in the book. Rather than waiting around, the artists would go and display their works anywhere that has people, example the book said â€Å"in public places wall† this has grab viewers attention because most people think of tagging or graffiti. However that is not the reason, artists have reason to put such a mural or scene on the wall. They wanted to tell a story, and expressing how they felt. Wondering what types of influences did artists have? Music, expressionism, impressionism, and photorealism were the reasons as mentioned in the book. Glugio†Gronk†Nicandro one influence was listening to the Beatles; Carlos Almarez has painting style similarity as an expressionism. John Valdez has an excellent photorealism painting, called Car show; that painting could easily be mistaken as a photo, if the artist did not explain what medium was used. In the late 1960’s and 1970’s formed social and political literacy, according to the book; therefore 1965 there was a popluar civil right activist, Cesar E Chavez. Who is known to fight with the famers to gain respect and equality; the iconographic figure is sun mad by Ester Hernandez. One great example is frank Romero, who creates the death of Ruben Salazar the painting is remembering on Ruben Salazar’s death, because he was known as a writer and activist during the 1960’s involve with the Chicano movement. In addition, the Chicano Movement not just do the unruly early life of the 20th century form a strong alteration here the connotations linked with Mexican-Americans nevertheless they as well did sculpture, paintings, perform to outward appearance a cultural personality exceptional and definitely their hold. For the most part viewing on Southern California during the 1940’s to the current, Chicano Art looked into older ancestry from Mexican painters like Rivera, Siqueiros, and Kahlo, and they follow certain styles and images. Third exhibition, â€Å"Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation, 1965-1985–toured major museums around the United States† as the author states, and known too CARA. This is an intriguing response from New York Times. â€Å"But where the Whitney show remains largely an attempt by art-world insiders to simulate an outsider art, â€Å"Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation† is the real thing, coming straight from the heart and mind of an entire culture, and having both the vitality and the limitations that such breadth of intention and intensity of feeling bring. † Agreement within the statement is highly recommended, those artists have work hard and fought for their place to put an art show; and illustrate to the world who are the Chicanos and what is going on in life. Overall all three exhibitions are admirable, but they each have similarities and differences. The exhibits discusses about these topics; people, culture, history and political aspects. Phantom sighting is view- conceptual over representative; that was stated in a lecture in class. Chicano Visions was look as creating an identity according to the book. CARA points of reasoning, is taken though all different ways such as â€Å"cultural studies, feminist theory, anthropology and semiotics† in which the author states.

The Geography of Russias 21 Republics

Russia, officially called the Russian Federation, is located in Eastern Europe and stretches from its borders with Finland, Estonia, Belarus, and Ukraine through the Asian continent where it meets Mongolia, China and the Sea of Okhotsk. At approximately 6,592,850 square miles, Russia is the worlds largest country based on area. Russia is so large that it covers 11 time zones. Because of its large size, Russia is divided into 83 federal subjects (members of the Russian Federation) for local administration throughout the country. Twenty-one of those federal subjects are considered republics. A republic in Russia is an area that is comprised of people who are not of Russian ethnicity. Russias republics are thus able to set their official languages and establish their constitutions. The following is a list of Russias republics ordered alphabetically. The republics continental location, area, and official languages have been included for reference. Adygea Continent: EuropeArea: 2,934 square miles (7,600 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Adyghe Altai Continent: AsiaArea: 35,753 square miles (92,600 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Altay Bashkortostan Continent: EuropeArea: 55,444 square miles (143,600 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Bashkir Buryatia Continent: AsiaArea: 135,638 square miles (351,300 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Buryat Dagestan Continent: EuropeArea: 19,420 square miles (50,300 sq km)Official Languages: Russian, Aghul, Avar, Azeri, Chechen, Dargwa, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgian, Nogai, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tat and Tsakhur Chechnya Continent: EuropeArea: 6,680 square miles (17,300 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Chechen Ingushetia Continent: EuropeArea: 1,351 square miles (3,500 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Ingush Kabardino-Balkaria Continent: EuropeArea: 4,826 square miles (12,500 sq km)Official Languages: Russian, Kabardian and Balkar Kalmykia Continent: EuropeArea: 29,382 square miles (76,100 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Kalmyk Karachay-Cherkessia Continent: EuropeArea: 5,444 square miles (14,100 sq km)Official Languages: Russian, Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Nogai Karelia Continent: EuropeArea: 66,564 square miles (172,400 sq km)Official Language: Russian Komi Continent: EuropeArea: 160,580 square miles (415,900 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Komi Mari El Continent: EuropeArea: 8,957 square miles (23,200 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Mari Mordovia Continent: EuropeArea: 10,115 square miles (26,200 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Mordvin Sakha Continent: AsiaArea: 1,198,152 square miles (3,103,200 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Sakha North Ossetia-Alania Continent: EuropeArea: 3,088 square miles (8,000 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Ossetic Tatarstan Continent: EuropeArea: 26,255 square miles (68,000 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Tatar Tuva Continent: AsiaArea: 65,830 square miles (170,500 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Tuvan Udmurtia Continent: EuropeArea: 16,255 square miles (42,100 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Udmurt Khakassia Continent: AsiaArea: 23,900 square miles (61,900 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Khakass Chuvashia Continent: EuropeArea: 7,065 square miles (18,300 sq km)Official Languages: Russian and Chuvash

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1882 Words

Romeo and Juliet were two star-crossed lovers that were doomed from the start, and their love ended in great tragedy. Violent events caused by the two lovers brought peace to the age-old feuding families with their own death. Romeo and Juliet is a short play written by William Shakespeare. The play takes place in medieval Verona where two feuding families, the Capulets and the Montagues, are constantly disputing and their fights and arguments dictate the day. Romeo and Juliet, who are both from two different houses, meets in a party and fall madly in love. After the party ended, Romeo sneaks to the balcony of Juliet’s house where they plan to get married in secret the very next day. A while after, Romeo is permanently banished from Verona†¦show more content†¦The difference between their world and the prejudice among their parents ultimately lead to their untimely death. In this short play, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Lord Capulet is solely responsible f or the death of the two lovers because he organizes a party and sends a servingman who could not read to invite the guests, forces Juliet to marry Paris, and he mistreats Juliet. Lord Capulet is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because in the beginning of the play, he decides to organize a party when he was talking to Paris. He said,† This night, I hold an old accustomed feast,/Whereto I have invited many a guest† (1.2.20-21). He made a party for that night, and after following a chain of events, Romeo ended coming to the party and met Juliet. He made a party for no particular reason. If he hadn’t made the party, Romeo wouldn’t have came. He decided to invite many people, but not everyone. Thus, he had to have a servingman to go out through Verona and invite every individual that was written down on a piece of paper. Lord Capulet spoke to the servingman and said,† Through fair Verona, find those persons out/Whose names are written there and to them say,/My house and welcome on their pleasure stay† (1.2.35-37). What he did not know is that the servingman could not read. Lord Capulet should have known because the the literacy rate back then was really low, and usually only the wealthy men could go to school. If

Jumping from High School to the NBA Essay - 1342 Words

Jumping from High School to the NBA Ever since Kevin Garnett, a teenager who by-passed college, was drafted as the fifth overall pick in the 1995 National Basketball Association (NBA) draft, more and more high school teenagers have been making the jump straight to the pros. Since the league draft of 1995, 17 first round picks have been high school players. This means that about 7 percent of first round draft picks in the NBA have been high school teens skipping out on their college education to make the jump to the NBA (Chylinski). Basketball players entering the draft out of high school have been on the minds of NBA Commissioner David Stern and basketball fans across the world for the past few years. For several years, Stern has†¦show more content†¦The type of impact players from high school have had on the game has been mixed. The likes of Kobe Bryant, Kevin Garnett, Tracy McGrady, Amare Stoudamire, and Jermaine O’Neal are setting the tone across the nation for high schoolers considering by-passing college for the NBA. Two of today’s biggest stars, Garnett and Bryant, have never attended college, but both were immediately successful and popular in the pros (Head to Head). The biggest star in the NBA right now, Garnett, is having an MVP-caliber season and is leading his team to their best record in franchise history. The teenagers with high hopes admire these professionals living their dream and hope to someday be in their shoes. Lebron James, the first pick taken in this year’s draft, may be the prototype for an athlete having immediate fame and wealth by jumping straight to the NBA. Almost undoubtedly, he has set the bar for years to come. Before he even played in an actual NBA game, he already had his own commercial and shoe deals. When he was a senior in high school, ESPN and ESPN2 were already publicizing his regular season games whenever they had the chance. Amazingly, as a junior in high school, he was already being considered the next Michael Jordan (Broussard). The fame of Sebastian Telfair, regarded by some as the top young high school point guard in America this year, has been growing since he was 15. He will most likely enter the NBAShow MoreRelatedCollege Is A Waste Of Time For Athletes1616 Words   |  7 Pages(Gregorian and Wishart). It is understandable that with a busy student athlete schedule getting all Cs or higher in school is a challenge, but the benefits of graduating college before going to the NBA outweigh the positives of skipping college and going straight to the pros. High School stars do not oftem look into the advantages college provides, which is a huge mistake. 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Formal athletic scholarships can be extended to athletes that play for Div I and II schools creating many opportunities for athletes to acquire an athletic scholarship. This exemplifies that Top College athletes already do get paid, in the form of amazing scholarships. Furthermore, those with professional ambitions benefit from the critical training and expos ure that enhances

Using Budgets for Control Free Essays

Budgets provide a means for planning the financial future and play a vital role for planning. Budgets simultaneously make managers construct and implement plans, contribute useful information for improved decision making, provide a standard to administer performance evaluation, and enhance organization and communication. An essential component of the budgeting system is control. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Budgets for Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Control periodically takes actual results and budgeted results and compares the two. It also allows for managers to frequently measure their performance from reports by providing performance evaluations. The master budget can be separated into operating and financial budgets, each made up of distinctly supporting schedules. Implementing budgets enables managers to create a formulated plan that allows for performance evaluation and improved control. Control involves the process of looking at the past, determining what really occurred and comparing it to previously projected results. Two processes which are significant to adjusting the budget are the control cycle and the planning cycle. Both are linked through feedback and in their final stage, involve budgets. Participative budgeting gives subordinate managers the opportunity to contribute considerable proposals for establishing budgets. A key factor in implementing participative budgeting is that each manager should only be held responsible for costs they can completely control. Any costs that are outside of their control that are included on their budgets need to be marked as non-controllable, and separated from those costs that can be controlled. Participative Budgeting also enables the manager with the chance to structure slack into the budget as a way to increase the probability that the manager will achieve the proposed budget and therefore decrease the risk they may incur. This requires upper level management to carefully review budget proposals from subordinate management in order to decrease the amount of slack placed into the budget. Performance evaluation is a vital element in rating the performance of management as well as maintaining control. When using budgets for performance evaluations it can result in feedback frequency of performance, monetary as well as nonmonetary incentives, participative budgeting, attainable standards, a variety of measures of performance and the possibility of controlling costs. By using frequent feedback on performance it gives managers a means to measure the success of their planning and enforce any corrective action. Monetary and nonmonetary incentives can aid in invoking a positive, goal congruent behavior in which goals at managerial and organizational levels agree. A simple example of performance evaluation could take place in a pizza restaurant that makes only pizzas. If the owner has an exact amount of toppings that he knows should be put on the pizzas and what that cost is, he can assess the amount of toppings being used. He might find that his workers are inadvertently topping some pizzas with more toppings than others. By encouraging his employees to top all pizzas with a consistent amount of toppings he can improve the consistency of the pizzas delivered to customers and increase savings on costs of toppings. If this same principle is practiced toward other aspects of the restaurant it could provide significant savings overall. Budgets contribute a valuable role in the success of a company. Implementing control and performance evaluations increases the effectiveness of the budget and provides guidelines for performance improvement in the business. Participative budgeting gives subordinate managers the ability to be involved and invokes a sense of responsibility while embracing creativity. However if not implemented correctly, the results can produce reduced control and padded budgets that can make it difficult to evaluate performance. Although budgets can contribute a valuable measure for managerial performance, they can still be manipulated by managers that are able to increase budgetary performance in the short-run yet cause significant damage to the business. Organizations need to utilize other qualified measures that take into consideration the financial or nonfinancial and short-run and long-run effects in order to avoid any threats of myopic behavior. How to cite Using Budgets for Control, Essay examples

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Luis Torres Essays - Music, Culture, African-American Culture, Fads

Luis Torres Dr. Ray Gehani Globalization and Outsourcing of U.S Industry 04/23/2017 Globalization and Outsourcing of Music in U.S Globalization of markets also means globalization of culture and Americanization. An example can be observed in the music industry. Since the creation of hip-hop in the 1980's, rap music has extended to other cultures around the globe. From South Africa to Japan, hip hop has made a universal impression. Many rap artists from the United States confess that a substantial amount of their music is actually purchased in other countries. So much so that, the overseas sales frequently surpass the amount of music bought domestically. This stimulates World Tours, touring places like Germany, Puerto Rico, and Australia. Around the world, various nationalities are also rapping to beats that reflect their culture. Punjabi MC is a DJ out of London of Indian descent who makes music with a different spin. His music often encompasses instruments and sounds that are reminiscent of India and Bollywood and has also collaborated with renowned American rappers such as Jay Z. Not only do American performers try to make it in the music business, brilliant men in Nigeria, Cuba, and Brazil have done so as well. "American hip hop music coursed the cultural corridors of the planet and has been captivated and reinvented around the globe", (Nawotka, 2004). Some claim that hip hop has become prevalent on a global scale because many people relate to the music. African-americans in New York shaped rap to what it is today, using it as a way to express their struggles at the time. Often rappers express their adversities, challenges, and issues with poverty. Rappers also oust their feelings about corruption, the government, and racial inequality. As a culturally oppressed people, other societies identify with these feelings of oppression expressed by African Americans. "Hip hop is something Americans take for grantednot so elsewhere, especially in the developing world, where it has come to represent the empowerment of the disenfranchisement of the American dream", (Nawotka, 2004). As a result, globalization and Americanization has impacted other countries across the world. Globalizing markets means that different cultures and societies will be oppressed and disenfranchised. Rappers in Nigeria also rap about their struggles with poverty. T hrough American hip hop, artist around the world use music as a way to express themselves, relating with the want for liberty and social equality. Americanization is an effect that is presently dispersing throughout the developed world. It is especially observed in music where most industrialized countries are moved and affected by the hip hop singularity. Although rap was created in America by Americans, many people around the globe have picked up on this art and changed the music to reflect their culture, or rap to an American beat in their native language.

Qué es el formulario de ESTA para viajar sin visa a USA

Quà © es el formulario de ESTA para viajar sin visa a USA El formulario de ESTA para viajar a Estados Unidos sin visa es una autorizacià ³n que deben solicitar los turistas o las personas de negocio de ciertos paà ­ses para ingresar al paà ­s por avià ³n o por barco de transporte. No es posible utilizar la ESTA si se llega en una embarcacià ³n o en avià ³n privado o de aerolà ­neas no autorizadas por el gobierno de Estados Unidos. En la actualidad de entre todos los paà ­ses en los que se habla espaà ±ol sà ³lo los espaà ±oles y chilenos pueden entrar en Estados Unidos sin visado. Aunque el gobierno de Washington est en conversaciones con algunos gobiernos latinoamericanos para extender este privilegio a argentinos, brasileà ±os y uruguayos. Quià ©nes pueden solicitar el formulario de ESTA para viajar sin visa Las personas que tengan un pasaporte de uno de los paà ­ses del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas y que desean viajar a Estados Unidos como turistas o personas de negocios. Sin embargo, si se ha viajado a Irn, Iraq, Yemen, Siria, Libia o Somalia despuà ©s del 1 de marzo de 2011, no se puede solicitar la ESTA. Es necesario pedir una visa de turista. Si se solicita la ESTA y se obtiene, destacar que la estancia siempre debe ser por 90 dà ­as o menos. No se puede ampliar de ninguna manera sin salir del paà ­s. Las personas con visa de turista B1/B2 vigente pueden seguir utilizndola. Tambià ©n necesitan este tipo de visado los extranjeros que viajan a Estados Unidos en aviones privados. Por à ºltimo, entender que los extranjeros que residen legalmente en un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas no pueden beneficiarse de este privilegio. Por ejemplo, en Espaà ±a vive un nà ºmero considerable de latinoamericanos. Ellos necesitan visa para viajar a Estados Unidos, a menos que se hayan naturalizado espaà ±oles y tenga, por lo tanto, pasaporte espaà ±ol. Cà ³mo se solicita la ESTA para viajar a USA El formulario de ESTA se solicita por internet en una direccià ³n oficial del gobierno americano. Es necesario tener a mano el pasaporte (sin expirar) y una tarjeta de crà ©dito VISA, MasterCard, Discover o American Expres. En los dos primeros casos tambià ©n se admiten las tarjetas de dà ©bito.Tambià ©n hay que tener una direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nica. Si no se tiene, crear una antes de iniciar la solicitud.La aplicacià ³n es sencilla y requiere, como media, unos quince minutos en completarse. Hay que pagar una tasa por la gestià ³n de cuatro dà ³lares americanos. Y si la solicitud es aprobada se cargarn otros 10 dà ³lares. Adems, es posible que la tarjeta de crà ©dito cobre una tasa por la gestià ³n.Antes de hacer el pago verificar que todos los datos son correctos. Ya que si se han cometido errores en cosas como la fecha en la que el pasaporte fue emitido o en la que expira y se detectan despuà ©s del pago ser necesario volver a comentar la aplicacià ³n del pri ncipio y habr que pagar de nuevo.La respuesta se sabe prcticamente al momento. Se recomienda imprimirla y anotar el nà ºmero de caso. Finalizar posteriormente la aplicacià ³n o hacer cambios no esenciales Es posible hacer cambios posteriores, por ejemplo, para completar el nombre de la aerolà ­nea, la ciudad desde la que se viaja o la direccià ³n en la que se va a estar en Estados Unidos, el nà ºmero de telà ©fono o la direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nico. En estos casos basta con introducir el nà ºmero de la aplicacià ³n o datos como el nà ºmero de pasaporte, nombre completo y paà ­s que ha emitido el pasaporte. Cul es la validez de la ESTA La autorizacià ³n para viajar es vlida por dos aà ±os o hasta la fecha de expiracià ³n del pasaporte, cualquiera que se produzca antes. Adems, es necesario aplicar por una ESTA nueva, aà ºn cuando su fecha està © vigente si han cambiado las circunstancias y la respuesta a alguna de las preguntas con opcià ³n de sà ­ o no del formulario ha cambiado. Por ejemplo, si se contestà ³ a una de ellas no y ahora la respuesta correcta es sà ­. (Sà ³lo a ese tipo de preguntas).   Si el formulario de ESTA expira mientras se est presente legalmente en Estados Unidos no es necesario aplicar por otra. Todo est bien. Quà © pasa con el I-94 Sà ³lo se llena el I-94W si se ingresa a EEUU por una frontera terrestre. El control de quien entra y quià ©n sale por aeropuertos y puertos se hace digitalmente. Ya no es necesario llenar el papelito con el que seguro estn familiarizados las personas que han viajado con anterioridad a Estados Unidos. Quà © pasa si la solicitud de la ESTA es denegada Aunque en la mayorà ­a de los casos la ESTA se concede, cuando esto no es asà ­ no es posible saber la razà ³n exacta de la denegacià ³n. Y esto es lo que hay que hacer si no se obtiene la autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica para viajar. Es fundamental no caer en la terrible tentacià ³n de solicitar una nueva autorizacià ³n para viajar cuando la primera es denegada y mentir para intentar conseguir asà ­ la ESTA. Lo ms probable es que el sistema informtico detecte el intento o, si no lo hace, que sà ­ se descubra cuando se llega a la Aduana americana y se tiene que pasar por el examen de un oficial de inmigracià ³n. Cuando un extranjero solicita de nuevo la ESTA y le agarran en una mentira  se puede convertir  en inelegible para entrar a Estados Unidos. Y lo ms probable es que nunca consiga viajar al paà ­s. Adems, es posible que aà ºn teniendo la ESTA la aerolà ­nea prohà ­ba embarcar.   A tener en cuenta Tener la ESTA no significa que se asegure poder entrar a Estados Unidos. La à ºltima palabra la tiene siempre el oficial de Inmigracià ³n en la Aduana. Para asegurarte de que conoces todo lo fundamental sobre la ESTA y sobre la estadà ­a en Estados Unidos cuando se tiene ese documento toma este test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Si sabes todas las respuestas seguro que te evitars problemas. Listado de paà ­ses y casos de doble nacionalidad Segà ºn las leyes de los Estados Unidos  ciudadanos de estos paà ­ses pueden viajar sin visa, sà ³lo con la ESTA. En el caso de doble nacionalidad es importante entender que si la visa se negà ³ con un pasaporte no es posible utilizar el otro para ingresar solo con la ESTA. Por ejemplo, un venezolano que solicità ³ la visa americana con ese pasaporte y su peticià ³n fue negada no puede utilizar el pasaporte portuguà ©s que tiene por ser hijo de portugueses para ingresar sin visa a los Estados Unidos. No se puede legalmente y adems hay que tener muy claro que esta trampa que se pretende hacer es fcil de descubrir ya que cuando se pidià ³ la visa se tomaron las huellas digitales y cuando se pretende ingresar a Estados Unidos, tambià ©n, y el sistema TEC hace una comparativa y el oficial migratorio identifica al ciudadano portuguà ©s como el venezolano al que se denegà ³ la visa.